Indonesia is a country that implements a democratic political system. As such, the involvement of society in the political process becomes very important. The purpose of this article is to research the democracy and local political participation in Sumedang. The study uses qualitative methods with primary data obtained from field observations and direct interviews of several informants. Additionally, the researchers use secondary data as a complement to the analysis. The results of this study indicate that the community at the local level truly understands the importance of political participation. However, due to disappointment in government performance, a part of the community has become discouraged from participating in the political process conducted by local governments. Several factors hinder efforts to encourage political participation. These include limited access to political aspirations that are still rare and the process of political education that is still low.
This research discusses how the empty box won in the 2018 Makassar Regional Head Election. This phenomenon became the elections' history where a single candidate failed to win the election. Ten political parties consisting of Functional Groups Party (Golkar), National Democratic Party (NasDem), Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P), United Development Party (PPP), Crescent Star Party (PBB), Great Indonesia Movement Party (Gerindra), Prosperous Justice Party (PKS), People's Conscience Party (Hanura), National Mandate Party (PAN), and Indonesian Justice and Unity Party (PKPI), promoted a single candidate pair. This study aims to describe how the movement of empty box volunteers in the Makassar Regional Head Election. This research uses a qualitative method. Selection of informants using a snowball sampling technique, and using social movement theory. There are three parts to this theory: 1) Complaint theory. Public disappointment over a candidate pair's disqualification and consider the election organizer unfair; 2) Mobilizing structures theory. Analyze the voluntary movement of empty boxes to gather mass support and sympathizers during the election; and 3) Framing theory. Analyze the use of issues and methods of spreading the issue. This research found that the empty box phenomenon in Makassar Regional Head Election, unlike in the elections in other areas where the single candidate did not have an opponent, in Makassar, one of the candidate pairs was disqualified due to violation. It made the community, supporters, and the success team feels disappointed with the General Elections Commission's decision. This disappointment also resulted in the emergence of the empty box volunteer movement. Movements of empty box volunteers to gather mass support and sympathizers through door-to-door socializing, leaflets, flyers, and banners call to action to win empty box and use social media and online media as campaign tools.
This research discusses how the empty box won in the 2018 Makassar Regional Head Election. This phenomenon became the elections' history where a single candidate failed to win the election. Ten political parties consisting of Functional Groups Party (Golkar), National Democratic Party (NasDem), Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P), United Development Party (PPP), Crescent Star Party (PBB), Great Indonesia Movement Party (Gerindra), Prosperous Justice Party (PKS), People's Conscience Party (Hanura), National Mandate Party (PAN), and Indonesian Justice and Unity Party (PKPI), promoted a single candidate pair. This study aims to describe how the movement of empty box volunteers in the Makassar Regional Head Election. This research uses a qualitative method. Selection of informants using a snowball sampling technique, and using social movement theory. There are three parts to this theory: 1) Complaint theory. Public disappointment over a candidate pair's disqualification and consider the election organizer unfair; 2) Mobilizing structures theory. Analyze the voluntary movement of empty boxes to gather mass support and sympathizers during the election; and 3) Framing theory. Analyze the use of issues and methods of spreading the issue. This research found that the empty box phenomenon in Makassar Regional Head Election, unlike in the elections in other areas where the single candidate did not have an opponent, in Makassar, one of the candidate pairs was disqualified due to violation. It made the community, supporters, and the success team feels disappointed with the General Elections Commission's decision. This disappointment also resulted in the emergence of the empty box volunteer movement. Movements of empty box volunteers to gather mass support and sympathizers through door-to-door socializing, leaflets, flyers, and banners call to action to win empty box and use social media and online media as campaign tools. ; Penelitian ini membahas bagaimana kotak kosong menang pada Pilkada Makassar 2018. Fenomena ini menjadi sejarah pemilu dimana satu kandidat gagal memenangkan pemilu. Sepuluh partai politik yang terdiri dari Partai Golongan Karya (Golkar), Partai Nasional Demokrat (NasDem), Partai Demokrasi Indonesia Perjuangan (PDI-P), Partai Persatuan Pembangunan (PPP), Partai Bulan Bintang (PBB), Partai Gerakan Indonesia Raya (Gerindra), Partai Keadilan Sejahtera (PKS), Partai Hati Nurani Rakyat (Hanura), Partai Amanat Nasional (PAN), dan Partai Keadilan dan Persatuan Indonesia (PKPI), mempromosikan pasangan calon tunggal tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan bagaimana pergerakan relawan kotak kosong dalam Pilkada Makassar. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif. Pemilihan informan menggunakan teknik snowball sampling, dan menggunakan teori pergerakan sosial. Ada tiga bagian teori ini: 1) Teori keluhan. Kekecewaan publik atas diskualifikasi pasangan calon dan menganggap penyelenggara pemilu tidak adil; 2) Teori struktur mobilisasi. Menganalisis pergerakan relawan kotak kosong untuk menghimpun dukungan massa dan simpatisan selama pemilihan; dan 3) Teori framing. Analisis isu yang digunakan dan metode untuk menyebarkan isu. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa fenomena kotak kosong pada Pilkada Makassar, berbeda dengan pilkada di daerah lain yang pasangan calon tunggal tidak memiliki lawan, di Makassar salah satu pasangan calon didiskualifikasi karena melakukan pelanggaran. Hal itu membuat masyarakat, pendukung, dan tim sukses kecewa dengan keputusan KPU. Kekecewaan ini juga mengakibatkan munculnya gerakan relawan kotak kosong. Gerakan relawan kotak kosong menghimpun dukungan massa dan simpatisan melalui sosialisasi dari pintu ke pintu, leaflet, flyer, dan spanduk ajakan bertindak untuk memenangkan kotak kosong dan menggunakan media sosial dan media online sebagai alat kampanye.
This paper discusses the impact of the adoption of a free and active policy by Indonesia on the huge budget requirement for the development of Indonesia's defense forces. The use of a free and active foreign policy means that Indonesia will not be involved in any form of military alliance. Thus, Indonesia must increase its military strength optimally and maximally, of course with the support of a very large budget. In this paper, the author uses qualitative research methods. In this study, several things were found, among others, in meeting the creation of the MEF, the defense budget allocation from GDP was at least 2%, while until now the defense budget allocation compared to GDP is still less than 1%. The non-fulfillment of the defense budget has an impact on the non-realization of the MEF since it was enacted. In the end, this paper concludes that the problem of limited defense budget experienced by Indonesia is an impact of the adoption of free and active politics. ; Tulisan ini membahas dampak dianutnya politik bebas aktif oleh Indonesia terhadap kebutuhan anggaran yang sangat besar akan pembangunan kekuatan pertahanan Indonesia. Digunakannya politik luar negeri yang bebas aktif berarti Indonesia tidak akan terlibat dalam segala bentuk aliansi militer manapun. Dengan demikian, Indonesia harus meningkatkan kekuatan militernya secara optimal dan maksimal, yang tentunya dengan dukungan anggaran yang sangat besar. Dalam tulisan ini, penulis menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif. Dalam penelitian ini ditemukan beberapa hal antara lain, dalam memenuhi terciptanya MEF alokasi anggaran pertahanan dari PDB minimal sebesar 2%, sedangkan sampai saat ini alokasi anggaran pertahanan dibandingkan dengan PDB masih kurang dari 1%. Tidak terpenuhinya angaran pertahanan tersebut berdampak pada tidak terealisasinya MEF sejak diberlakukan. Pada akhirnya, tulisan ini menyimpulkan bahwa permasalahan keterbatasan anggaran pertahanan yang dialami Indonesia adalah sebuah dampak dari dianutnya politik bebas aktif
ABSTRACTFollowing the amendment of the 1945 Constitution, Indonesia became one of the countries that adopted presidential government system in which the presidential position is directly elected by the people. The interesting thing and is still hitherto controversial is the limitation of president's term of office for no more than two periods. Review of various literature illustrate that there is no standard exemplar to limit or not to limit the period that must be applied in a country that adheres to presidentialism. On the other hand, if it is associated with democracy, the limitation of president's period will cause contradiction especially with president's accountability in which the president is directly elected by the people. Based on this, we conducted a study using qualitative methods with descriptive approach aims at knowing how the periodisation of presidential term of office in Indonesia viewed from a democratic perspective. This article argues that the model of presidential period limitation for at maximum two periods must be carried out by adding the length of service to more than five years and requiring an interlude between the first and the second period. The modelling can anticipate the tendency of power abuse by incumbent while maintaining demos support for the legitimacy of the president.
This article offers an empirical finding of human security issues in Citarum River, Indonesia, which was once labelled as the dirtiest and most polluted river in the world. Using a theoretical framework based on actor-based security model, this research seeks to analyse a local community's experience in a village affected by severe environmental degradation of its river basin and its relation to other actors in security policy making process. The article explores how a local people evaluate the ongoing environmental degradation and its impacts to their life. This analysis leads to the finding that local people are aware of the threats from their environment, but at the same time they still have to depend on the economic activities that has been polluting the river. This condition makes them unable to advocate for what they experienced to the policy makers and choose to be resilient. On the other hand, the government's policies tend to ignore the perspective of the local community in formulating a security policy. This supports previous studies that the concept of human security still has little impact on addressing environmental issues, especially at policy level.
